Ancient Tea Mountains: Bulang 布朗山

The Bulang Mountains are located in the south of Menghai County (猛海县), Xishuangbanna Prefecture (西双版纳州), Yunnan Province (云南省), close to the border between China and Myanmar. These mountains are ancient tea mountains named after the "Bulang people" (布朗族) who are an ethnic minority in China. The Bulang people migrated to the Bulang Mountains and have lived and planted tea there for thousands of years.

The Bulang Mountains are considered a subtropical monsoon climate, with abundant sunshine and rainfall. The whole year is divided into two seasons: dry and wet. The total annual evaporation is greater than the total rainfall. The maximum evaporation occurs from March to April, and the minimum evaporation occurs from November to December. It is foggy in winter and spring and rainy in summer. The summer and autumn are controlled by the warm air flow from the Bay of Bengal, and the winter and spring are controlled by the entry of dry and warm westerly winds from the Indian Peninsula. In addition, there are the Ailao Mountains (哀老山) and Wuliang Mountains (无量山) in the north as a barrier. The climate is said to be characterized by "no severe cold in winter, no severe heat in summer, and spring-like weather all year round" (冬无严寒，夏无酷署, 四季如春).

The Bulang: An Ancient Nation 古老民族

Origins of the Bulang Name 

The Bulang people are an ethnic minority in southwest China. During the Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties they were called "Pu Man" (蒲蛮), and during the Tang Dynasty, they were called "Pu Ziman" (朴子蛮). After the Tang Dynasty, documents recorded various names, such as "Pu Ren" (濮人) and "Pu Man" (蒲满). Various other ethnic minorities in China had different names for the Bulang according to their own unique languages and dialect (e.g. Wu, Awa, Wa, La, Kapa, Puman, etc). 

Language

The Bulang language belongs to the Bulang branch of the Mengau language family of the Austro-Asiatic language family, and is divided into two dialects: Bulang and Argau. Bulang is related to Russian, Khmer, Deang and Khmer languages. Since the Bulang people have lived together with the ethnic minorities Dai (傣), Wu (伍) and Han (汉) for a long time, they can use Dai and Wa (佤) dialect, as well as Mandarin Chinese. The Bulang people do not have a circulating national script, so they use the Dai and Han script for writing.

Bulang Culture 布朗文化

The "Bulang" ethnic group descends from the "Bai Pu ethnic group" (百濮族) in ancient China, referred to as "Pu" (濮). They are the oldest living ethnic group in Yunnan, China and Southeast Asia. The Baipu people once migrated south and established a unique civilization represented by "Angkor Wat" in Indonesia. More than 2,000 years ago, the Pu people first settled at "Puman Mountain" (濮满山) which is currently named Bulang Mountain.

Historically, religious life was always a core aspect of Bulang society. Most Bulang are Theravada Buddhist and attach great importance to ancestor worship. There are many Buddhist activities that the Bulang participate in. In addition to holding a ceremony to welcome the sun, the Bulang also go to Buddhist temples for activities such as "Opening the Door Festival" (开门节), "Closing the Door Festival" (关门节), "Piling Buddhas" (赕佛), "Piling Sand" (堆沙), "Bathing the Buddha" (浴佛), and "Splashing Water" (泼水). Many traditional festivals are largely related to religious activities. Among them, the "Shankang Tea Festival" (山康茶祖节) is a traditional festival of the original religion of the Bulang people. The Bulang people call it "Hao Goulong" (好够龙). It is similar to the Spring Festival (春节) of the Han Chinese people and has the theme of getting rid of the old and welcoming the new. It is also a large-scale activity for Bulang people to express their memories, worship their ancestors, and ask for the blessings of their ancestors. The Bulang people also have a dance called the "Knife Dance" with vigorous and powerful movements. Boys and girls love to "circle dance." The Bulang people of Mojiang are known to have “tiao ge" song and dance during festivals or weddings. 

National Tea Culture 民族茶文化

Legend has it that in ancient times, the ancestors of the Bulang people lived in "Nongdang Nongxie" (南当南写: today's Dianchi Lake 滇池 area in Kunming 昆明). During their migration southward, the ancestors of the Bulang people encountered a disease that left the entire ethnic group in a dying state. At this desperate moment, an ancestor of the Bulang ethnic group was in unbearable pain and picked the leaves from the tea tree next to him and put them in his mouth to chew. After a while, he felt much more comfortable. So he told the leaders of his tribe about this, and asked the tribesmen to pick the leaves from the tea trees and eat them, which miraculously made the entire tribe recover from their illnesses. The leaders believed that this tea tree saved the entire tribe.

Since then, tea has become a sacred medicine for the Bulang ancestors and primitive artificial transplantation of tea trees began. In ancient times tea trees and tea had a significant impact on the survival of the Bulang people. The Bulang people are grateful and in awe of the power of nature, and they believe it is very important to repay nature’s kindness. To this day, every February 27th to March 1st of the Chinese lunar calendar, when the spring tea sprouts and the Shankang Festival (山康节) arrives, they go to the tea mountain and pray devoutly, thanking their ancestors for cultivating the tea mountain and leaving it to future generations so that they could enjoy it for generations to come. Bulang people also firmly believe that there are human and divine spirits in the tea trees. They call for the tea spirit, worship the tea spirit, and pray to the tea ancestor to bless people with happiness and good fortune.

Famous Tea Mountains of Xishuangbanna in Yunnan

The tea mountains that made Pu’er tea in Yunnan famous are located in Xishuangbanna prefecture and are divided into two groups: the “Six Great Ancient Tea Mountains'' and the “Eight Great New Tea Mountains.” In terms of geographical location, the division is based on the Lancang River: the Ancient Six Tea Mountains are located to the northwest of the Lancang River, and so are also called the "North of The River Six Tea Mountains" (江北六大茶山) or the "Inside the River Tea Mountains" (江内六大茶山). The New Eight Tea Mountains are located to the southwest of the Lancang River, and so are also called the "South of the River Eight Tea Mountains" (江南八大茶山) or the "Outside the River Tea Mountains" (江外八大茶山).

The Four Major Tea Areas of Pu'er Tea 普洱茶四大产区

Due to different geographical environments, the taste of tea produced can be very different, and the area is divided into four major tea regions according to the different tea flavors. Distinguished by the origin location and unique tea characteristics, Pu'er tea mainly originates from the following four major tea areas, namely: Xishuangbanna Production Area (西双版纳产区), Baoshan Production Area (保山产区), Lincang Production Area (临沧产区), and Simao Production Area (思茅产区, currently named Pu'er Production Area 普洱产区). In addition to these four major tea areas, Pu'er tea production areas continue to expand to Dehong (德宏), Kunming (昆明), and Dali (大理)

1. Xishuangbanna Production Area 西双版纳产区

Since ancient times, the Xishuangbanna tea area has been a core production area of ​​Pu'er tea in Yunnan. Since the Qing Dynasty to present, most of the well-known Pu'er tea brands come from Xishuangbanna. The history of growing tea in the Xishuangbanna Tea Area can be traced back more than 1,700 years, and there are still 130,000 acres of relatively well-preserved ancient tea gardens with many ancient tea trees. This production area is the birthplace of Pu'er tea and the source of the Ancient Tea Horse Road. It is also one of the areas with the highest Pu'er tea production. The production area is divided into two famous tea areas: Menghai (勐海) and Yiwu (易武).

1a. Menghai Tea Area 勐海茶区

Menghai County (勐海县) is known as the No. 1 Pu'er tea county in China. Menghai County has more than 46,000 acres of well-preserved ancient tea tree resources, including more than 1,000 ancient tea trees. Among them, the wild-type King Tea Tree of Bada Hesong (巴达贺松), which is more than 1,700 years old, and the cultivated King Tea Tree of Nannuo Mountain, which is more than 800 years old, are recognized as the King of Tea Trees in the world. This tea area also includes various notable mountains: Nannuo Mountain (南糯山), Bulang Mountain (布朗山), Pasha (帕沙), Hekai (贺开), and Mengsong (勐宋). Most of the high-quality and well-known Pu'er tea from famous mountains and villages come from these hills in the Menghai tea area.

Location: South of the west side of Lancang River (澜沧江).

Climate Environment: Altitude between 1170 and 1800. The geographical characteristics of low latitude and high altitude make the tea produced in Menghai higher quality. However, because there are few surrounding rivers, the overall humidity in Menghai is not high compared to Yiwu.

Soil: The soil is slightly alkaline.

Features: The tea leaves in this production area are stronger than other production areas, with strong tea properties, aroma and high astringency.

Tea Characteristics by Region:

East: Ban Zhang Village (班章村) - Lao Ban Zhang (老班章) tea melts quickly in the mouth. The Xin Ban Zhang (新班章) also melts quickly in the mouth. The taste of Lao Man E (老曼峨) is slightly lower than that of Xin Ban Zhang.

West: Xinlong Village (新龙村) and Manyin Village (曼囡村) tea: The aroma of tea in this area, including Zhang Jia tea (章家茶), is outstanding, and even the arbor tea has a very strong aroma.

South: Tea from Meng Ang Village (勐昂村), represented by Mannuo (曼糯), has a strong bitter taste and rich content.

North: Although the aroma of Jiliang tea (吉良茶) is not very prominent, the tea soup turns bitter into sweet after entering the mouth, with a lingering sweetness and a long-lasting aftertaste.

1b.Yiwu Tea Area 易武茶区

The Yiwu Tea Area does not only refer to the Yiwu (易武) Tea Mountains, but also includes tea-producing areas such as the Youle (攸乐) and Yibang (倚邦) Tea Mountains. Yiwu is one of the most prized tea areas in Yunnan. There is a saying “Ban Zhang Wang, Yiwu Hou'' (班章王，易武后), which means “Ban Zhang is the king, Yiwu is the Queen.” The statement is meant both to recognize two of the best tea areas and also to say something about the taste and character of the tea from each. Yiwu is said to be the “Queen” because the tea from Yiwu often has a delicate, floral, smooth, and gentle taste. The Yiwu tea area is large and consists of the "Seven Villages and Eight Strongholds'' (七村八寨). The Seven Villages refers to Mahei (麻黑), Gaoshan (高山), Luo Shui Dong (落水洞), Manxiu (曼秀), San Heshe (三合社), Yibi (易比), and Zhang Jiawan (张家湾). The Eight Strongholds are Yao Dingjia Zhai (丁家寨/瑶族), Han Dingjia Zhai (丁家寨/汉族), Jiumiao (旧庙), Luode (倮德), Dazhai (大寨), Mansa (曼撒), and Xinzhai (新寨).

Location: Southeast side of Lancang River (澜沧江)

Climate Environment: Altitude between 1300-1400 meters. The low latitude and low altitude makes the Yiwu tea area shrouded in an excellent environment of high temperature and humidity all year round.

Soil: Slightly acidic red soil. It provides sufficient nutrients and abundant organic humus for the tea tree. The fresh leaves are very tender, and the buds and leaves are green in color and have many hairs.

Features: The teas in this area are known for their "softness." The tea soup has a rich aroma, a soft taste, and little pungency. The tea flavor is very subtle, the taste is long-lasting, soft yet firm, with the mouthfeel upon entering the mouth being noticeably soft. There is little bitterness and the aftertaste is good.

2. Baoshan Production Area 保山茶区

The Baoshan City (保山市) Pu’er tea area is located in the Yunnan Plateau Mountains. Baoshan City is an important production area for ​​both Yunnan's "Dianhong" (滇红) black tea and Pu'er tea. The city has thousands of acres of pollution-free tea production bases. In Tengchong County (腾冲县) - Guyong (古永), Longling County (龙陵县) - Zhenan (镇安), Changning County (昌宁县) - Goujie (苟街), Baoshan County (保山县) - Wayao (瓦窑) and Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve (高黎贡山自然保护区), there are vast areas of ancient tea gardens and scattered wild tea trees.

Location: Baoshan City is located in the southwest of Yunnan Province, adjacent to Dali (大理), Lincang (临沧), Nujiang (怒江), and Dehong (德宏), and borders Myanmar to the west and south. Its jurisdiction includes two county-level districts, one county-level city (Tengchong County), and three counties: Shidian County (施甸县), Changning County (昌宁县), Longling County.

Climate Environment: The altitude ranges between 535-3780 meters. Compared with the other three major tea areas, Baoshan Tea Area has the highest latitude, the highest average altitude, the lowest temperature, the least sunshine, and the least precipitation.

Soil: pH value 5.5~6.0, the soil layer is reddish brown or orange red, the soil is fertile, which is conducive to the growth of tea trees and the development of root systems. At the same time, the roots of tea trees penetrate deeply into the soil, and after absorbing nutrients, they are quickly converted into the active ingredients of tea. The tea trees grow naturally in the Baoshan tea area without the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers.

Features: In terms of taste, the taste of Baoshan Pu'er tea is close to that of tea from the Lincang tea area. The tea has a fruity flavor. Baoshan tea area is relatively north. Most of the raw tea materials are made into Dian Red, Dian Green and some Pu'er loose leaf tea. Only a small part is made into Pu'er cake tea.

3. Lincang Tea Area (临沧产区)

Lincang was formerly called "Mianning" (缅宁), but later got the Lincang name (still used today) because it was adjacent to the Lancang River. This is a gathering place for the "Wa" (佤族) ethnic minority of China. It is known as the "Tea Tree Gene Bank" because of its many varieties of tea trees. At the same time, it is also the hometown of the world-famous Yunnan black tea "Dianhong" (滇红). Among the three core Pu'er tea producing areas, the Lincang Tea Area has the most ancient tea trees. According to survey data from the Yunnan Provincial Forestry Bureau, among the three core production areas, Xishuangbanna Prefecture has the fewest ancient tea trees at 5,107,481; Pu'er City is second with 6,545,425 ancient tea trees; and Lincang City has the most, with 41,845,598 tea trees. The Lincang production area is the tea area that produces the most tea in Yunnan, and within it, Mengku (勐库), Bangdong (邦东) and Fengqing (凤庆) are the most famous places. Famous varieties include: Mengku Tea Area (勐库茶区) - Bingdao Tea (冰岛茶), Bangdong Tea Area (邦东茶区) - Xigui, Nahan Tea (昔归、娜罕茶), Yongde Tea Area (永德茶区) - Meiziqing (梅子箐), and Mangfei Tea (忙肺茶).

Location: Southwest Yunnan Province, in the middle reaches of the Lancang River.

Climate environment: 450-3504 meters, the average annual temperature is between 15°C and 19.5°C, the annual sunshine is more than 2000 hours, the frost-free period is more than 290 days, the annual rainfall is between 1100 and 1500 mm, and there are many different climates. It is praised by famous climatologists as a "Bio Eugenic Zone."

Soil: Yellow brick red soil, high fertility, with an organic matter content of about 3%. Because the soil has a good ecological topography, the rainy season begins in June every year, and it rains for the next three or four months. The temperature difference between day and night is large, and it is also very suitable for growing coffee.

Features: Lincang tea has a high forward aroma that is unique, coupled with a strong bitterness. The taste is not as diverse as with Yiwu tea. The aroma can be described as sweetness and nectar and the tea liquor has a strong taste. Some people say that it is very effective in cleaning the stomach. Among them, the sweetness of rock sugar is a common feature of Lincang tea, especially in Bingdao Laozhai (冰岛老寨). Generally, Lincang ancient tree tea that is more than 3 years old will have obvious rock sugar sweetness, and the tea liquor will become softer and sweeter.

4. Simao Production Area 思茅产区

"Si Mao" is the former name for what is currently called Pu'er city (普洱市). The history of Pu'er tea begins here. As early as 1,700 years ago, when this place was still called Pu'er Mansion, tea had been grown and traded, and tea was presented as a tribute to the imperial court. Emperor Qianlong (乾隆) gave it the name "Pu'er tea."

The area is rich in tea tree germplasm resources. The famous ancient tea gardens and villages include: Jingmai Mountain Ancient Tea Garden (景迈山古茶园) in Lancang County (澜沧县), Qianjiazhai Ancient Tea Garden (千家寨古茶园) in Zhenyuan County (镇沅县), Dabai Tea (大白茶) in Jinggu Yangta Village (景谷秧塔村), Wuliangshan (无量山), Jiangcheng (江城), Nanqiao (南桥), Ailao Mountain (哀牢山), Kuzhu Mountain (苦竹山) and Kunlu Mountain (困鹿山) which is currently being gradually discovered. Also notable are the Xiaguan tea area (下关茶区), as well as Shunning (顺宁) and Jinggu tea areas (景谷茶区).

Location: Southern Yunnan Province, central and southern Pu'er City, middle and lower reaches of Lancang River

Climate Environment: The altitude is generally 1200-1800m, the average annual temperature is 17.8°C, the annual rainfall is 1000-2000mm, the lighting conditions are good, the soil is brick red soil, and the pH value is around 4-6. Tea trees can grow all year round, and the quality does not vary much throughout the seasons, making it the most suitable area for the growth of tea trees. Pu'er tea gardens are mostly distributed in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas, far away from pollution sources. The construction of modern tea gardens in Simao is the best in the tea area, with large output.

Features: The tea initially has the aroma of rice flowers. Because it is mixed with the forest, it has a strong lingering “mountain and wild aftertaste” (山野韵味). It is one of the ancient teas with the most obvious wild mountain charm among the ancient tree teas. It also has a particularly strong and long-lasting floral fragrance. The fragrance of orchids is the unique aroma of Jingmai tea (景迈茶).

The New Eight Tea Mountain 新八大茶山

The New Eight Tea Mountains are located to the west of Lancang River. Going from north to south, they are: Mengwangxiang Town (勐往乡) Mannuo (曼糯), Menghai Mengsong (勐海勐宋), Nannuo Mountain (南糯山), Pasha (帕沙), Hekai (贺开), Bulang Mountain, Jinghong Da Menglong (景洪大勐龙), Mengsong (勐宋) and Bada Mountain (巴达山) in the west.

1. Mannuo Tea Mountain 曼糯茶山

Location: The northernmost tip of Menghai County (勐海县), belonging to Mengwang Village (勐往村), Mengwang Town (勐往乡), with an altitude of 1200-1300 meters.

Planting History: This was once the ancient road from Menghai to Lancang (澜沧). Historically, it was an important Pu'er tea production area. Later, the road from Menghai to Lancang was rerouted, and the Mannuo tea area gradually declined. However, a large number of ancient tea tree resources are still retained.

Villages: There are three main villages: Dazhai (大寨), Shangzhai (上寨) and Zhongzhai (中寨).

Tea Quality Characteristics: Clear mountain and wild flavor, obvious bitterness, slow sweetness, and rich aroma.

2. Meng Song and Meng Hai 勐宋勐海

Location: Mengsong Town (勐宋乡), Menghai County, Naka Tea Area (那卡茶区) is 1,600 meters above sea level, and Baotang Tea Area (保塘茶区) is 1,700-1,800 meters above sea level.

Planting History: The oldest ancient tea area in Menghai, Naka, is also the most prestigious production area in Xishuangbanna. More than a hundred years ago, the Han Chinese people moved in to engage in the tea business. Damanlu (大曼吕) established a new tea garden in the 1970s and 1980s, which became an important source of raw materials for the Menghai Tea Factory.

Villages: Da'an (大安), Nanben (南本), Baotang New Village (保塘新寨), Baotang Ancient Village (保塘旧寨), Bameng (坝檬), Damanlv (大曼吕), Naka 那卡 (Laka 腊卡).

Tea Quality Characteristics: Naka and Baotang ancient tree teas (保塘古树茶) generally have a pure tea aroma, obvious bitterness, strong mountain and wild flavor, and slow sweetness.

3. Nan Nuo Mountain 南糯山

Location: Gelanghe Town (格朗和乡), Menghai County. The average altitude is 1,400 meters, and the average annual temperature is 16-18 degrees.

Planting History: Nannuo Mountain has a long history of growing tea and enjoys a high reputation. Legend has it that Zhuge Liang planted tea here during his southern expedition. Although it is a legend, the ancient Pu people have a long history of growing tea. Later, the Hani people moved into Nannuo Mountain. Tea cultivation began, and the king of tea trees in Banpo Village (半坡寨) in Nannuo Mountain is proof of how far back this history stretches.

Villages: Zhulin Village (竹林寨), Banpo Village (半坡寨), Guniang Village (姑娘寨).

Tea Quality Characteristics: Traditional Nannuo Mountain tea has a fuller aroma and obvious bitterness. However, in recent years, the tea has a weaker bitterness and less pronounced aroma.

4. Pasha 帕沙

Location: Pasha Village (帕沙村), southwest of Gelanghe Town, between Nannuo Mountain and Bulang Mountain, with an altitude of 1,200-2,000 meters and an average annual temperature of 22°C.

Planting History: During the Tang and Song Dynasties, ancestors of the Hani people lived in Pasha Village and grew tea, and a considerable number of ancient trees are still preserved there.

Villages: Pasha New Village (帕沙新寨), Pasha Ancient Village (帕沙老寨), Pasha Middle Village (帕沙中寨), Nangan (南干), Laoduan (老端).

Characteristics of Tea Quality: Pasha ancient tree has obvious bitterness along with a “mountain and wild” aftertaste (山野韵味).

5. He Kai 贺开

Location: Hekai Village, Menghun Town, Menghai County. Altitude 1400-1700 meters.

Planting History: Hekai Lahu belongs to the remnants of the ancient Qiang people, and the tea has been cultivated in Hekai for a long time. The local people regard Zhuge Liang as the ancestor of tea and hold rituals to worship him every year. There are also legends about ancient tea trees circulating locally. In modern times, Hekai is also one of the more famous tea areas in the Xishuangbanna region.

Villages: Mannong New Village (曼弄新寨), Mannong Ancient Village (曼弄老寨), Bangpen Ancient Village (邦盆老寨), Manmai (曼迈), Manbang (曼蚌), Manyin (曼囡).

Tea Quality Characteristics: The soup is full, slightly bitter, and the bitterness turns to sweetness quickly, with an obvious mountain terroir aftertaste (山野韵味).

6. Bulang Mountain 布朗山 

Bulang Mountain Tea Area belongs to the Menghai Tea area of ​​Xishuangbanna Prefecture and is one of the New Eight Tea Mountains. The whole township is located in a mountainous area, with rolling hills and crisscrossing valleys. Famous villages and ancient tea gardens mainly include: Banzhang, Lao Man E (老曼峨), Man Xin Long (曼新竜), Pasha (帕沙), Banpen (班盆), Mannuo (曼糯), Weidong (卫东), Guang Bie Lao Zhai (广别老寨), and Zhang Jia Zhai (章家寨). Among them, Lao Man E is the earliest village established by the Bulang people in the Bulang Mountains. The Bulang Ancient Tea Mountains have 9,505 acres of cultivated ancient tea garden resources, all of which are Pu'er tea species.

Geographic Environment: The average altitude is 1,216 meters. The highest point is Sanduo Mountain in the north, with an altitude of 2,082 meters. The tea garden area totals 13 square kilometers. The solitary peaks are soaring. You can have a bird's eye view of the entire Bulang Mountains. The highest mountains in the southern mountain system.

Soil: Mainly red soil, pH 4.5 ~ 5.5. This kind of soil has better water retention capacity, which is beneficial to the growth of tea trees. Rich in minerals and trace elements.

Features: The aroma is basically summarized as sweet in the east, fragrant in the west, bitter in the south, and soft in the north.

7. Meng Song (Jinghong) 勐宋 (景洪)

Geography: Located in Mengsong Village (勐宋村), Damenglong Town (大勐龙), Jinghong City, the southernmost tip of Jinghong City, it is also the ancient tea area with the lowest latitude in Yunnan, with an altitude of 1,500-1,800 meters.

Planting History: Most of the villagers in Mengsong Village are from the Hani ethnic group, and Mansan Ancient Village (曼伞村老寨) is from the Bulang ethnic group. Tea planting has a long history. In the ancient tea garden near Manqian Ancient Village (曼迁老寨), there are very old ancient tea trees. During the Qing Dynasty, tea here was supplied to the imperial court.

Villages: Mengsong Dazhai (勐宋大寨), Miaochu mountain (苗锄山), Manqian Laozha (曼千老寨), Manjia pokan (曼家坡坎), Manwoke (曼窝科), Manjiaganbian (曼加干边), Manjiajiao (曼加角), Manmaiyao (曼卖窑).

Tea quality Characteristics: Obvious mountain aftertaste (山野韵味), full aroma, and thick soup.

8. Bada 巴达

Geography: The western part of Menghai County, formerly Bada Town, now belongs to Xiding Town (西定乡), facing Myanmar across the Nanlan River (南览河) to the west. Altitude 1580-2000 meters.

Planting History: Bada tea is famous because of the Bada wild tea tree discovered in 1962, which contributed to Yunnan becoming the birthplace of tea in the world. In fact, in addition to wild tea and platform tea, Bada also has excellent cultivated ancient tree tea resources. They were planted by the local Bulang ancestors. The Zhanglang Ancient Village (章朗古寨) has a history of more than 1,400 years.

Villages: Manmai (曼迈), Zhanglang (章朗), Manpale (曼帕勒).

Tea Quality Characteristics: Full “mountain” lingering aftertaste (山野韵味), pure aroma, obvious bitterness.